Regional astrocyte IFN signaling restricts pathogenesis during neurotropic viral infection

Regional astrocyte IFN signaling restricts pathogenesis during neurotropic viral infection.

Type I IFNs promote cellular responses to viruses, and IFN receptor (IFNAR) signaling regulates the responses of endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during neurotropic viral infection. However, the role of astrocytes in innate immune responses of the BBB during viral infection of the CNS remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we have demonstrated that type I IFNAR signaling in ast...

Type I IFN Signaling Is Dispensable during Secondary Viral Infection

Innate immune responses in general, and type I interferons (T1IFNs) in particular, play an important and often essential role during primary viral infections, by directly combatting the virus and by maximizing the primary adaptive immune response. Several studies have suggested that T1IFNs also contribute very substantially to the secondary (recall) response; they are thought (i) to be required...

AMP-activated protein kinase restricts IFN-γ signaling.

Inflammation in the CNS contributes to neurologic disorders. Neuroinflammation involves the release of inflammatory molecules from glial cells, such as astrocytes and microglia, and can lead to neuronal damage if unabated. In multiple sclerosis, peripheral immune cells, including IFN-γ-producing Th1 cells, infiltrate the CNS and are important in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment, in par...

RIPK3 Restricts Viral Pathogenesis via Cell Death-Independent Neuroinflammation

Receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) is an activator of necroptotic cell death, but recent work has implicated additional roles for RIPK3 in inflammatory signaling independent of cell death. However, while necroptosis has been shown to contribute to antiviral immunity, death-independent roles for RIPK3 in host defense have not been demonstrated. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus (...

AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Restricts IFN-g Signaling